Brain Hyperstimulation by Epileptic Seizures

Submit Manuscript | http://medcraveonline.com neurobiological, cognitive, psychological, and social consequences. The epileptic seizure would be a temporary occurrence of signs and/or symptoms attributed to abnormal and/or synchronic excessive neuronal activity in specific areas of the central nervous system [1]. The excitability of an individual nerve cell in the brain depends on a number of factors including: excitatory properties of the membrane and microenvironment, intracellular processes, structural neuronal elements, and interneuronal connections [2]. Any excitable membrane, including that of the neuron, maintains a potential difference between the intracellular and extracellular medium as a result of the selective permeability of some ions, particularly sodium, potassium and chloride ions. The mutation of the genes responsible for the coding of the proteins that form the channels for the passage of these ions through the membrane can cause congenital epilepsy. For example mutation of KCNQ genes 2 and 3 causes neonatal epilepsy, the LGL1 gene causes lateral temporal lobe epilepsy as well as genes SCN1A, SCN2A, SCN1B and others. The first four genes related to the formation of potassium channels and the last two with the formation of sodium channels [2].